What does the term "artifact" refer to in EEG readings?

In EEG readings, the term "artifact" refers specifically to interference or distortion in the EEG signals that do not originate from the brain's electrical activity. Artifacts can be caused by various factors such as muscle movements (like blinking or clenching the jaw), electrical noise from nearby equipment, or even environmental influences. Recognizing and distinguishing these artifacts from actual brain activity is crucial for accurate interpretation of EEG data. By identifying artifacts, clinicians can ensure that the EEG readings reflect true neurological activity, which is essential for diagnosis and treatment planning. The presence of artifacts can complicate the analysis, and it is vital for practitioners to know how to mitigate their effects to produce reliable results.