What EEG pattern is typically observed in encephalopathy?

Encephalopathy is a term used to describe a wide range of brain disorders that can alter brain function or structure. In this context, the EEG (electroencephalogram) pattern that is typically observed is characterized by slow wave activity or diffuse slowing. This is because encephalopathy often leads to a disruption of normal brain function, resulting in generalized slowing of the electrical activity of the brain.

Slow wave activity on an EEG indicates decreased cortical responsiveness and is associated with various conditions that impair brain function, such as metabolic disturbances, toxic exposures, or infections. This slowing may be diffuse (widespread across the EEG), indicating a more generalized brain dysfunction rather than localized pathology.

In contrast, high frequency activity, normal oscillatory patterns, and irregular spikes do not reflect the typical changes associated with encephalopathy. High frequency activity may suggest hyperarousal or seizures, normal patterns indicate a healthy functioning brain, and irregular spikes are often associated with specific types of epilepsy or focal lesions, neither of which are typical of encephalopathy.