What is the significance of beta waves in an EEG?

The significance of beta waves in an EEG is that they indicate an alert and active mental state. Beta waves typically range from 12 to 30 Hz and are associated with activity that demands attention, focus, and cognitive processing. When a person is awake, engaged in conversation, problem-solving, or concentrating on a task, beta wave activity is dominant. This state of high mental engagement contrasts with other brain wave patterns, such as alpha waves, which are linked to relaxation and calmness, or delta waves, which are associated with deep sleep. Understanding the presence of beta waves in an EEG helps in assessing a patient's level of alertness and cognitive engagement.