What is the typical frequency range for alpha waves?

Alpha waves are typically associated with relaxed, calm yet alert mental states, often occurring when a person is awake but in a restful state, such as during meditation or while closing the eyes. The frequency range for alpha waves is from 8 to 13 Hz. This frequency band is significant in neurophysiology as it represents a state of relaxed focus, which is distinct from other wave patterns like theta, delta, and beta waves.

The 4 to 7 Hz range is associated with theta waves, which are prevalent during light sleep or deep relaxation. Frequencies above 13 Hz typically correspond to beta waves, associated with active thinking, problem-solving, or focus. Higher frequency ranges, such as 14 to 20 Hz and 21 to 30 Hz, are related to increasing levels of alertness and cognitive activity. Understanding these distinctions is crucial in fields such as neurodiagnostic technology and cognitive neuroscience, where different brain states correlate with specific frequency bands.