Which additional electrodes can help distinguish between artifact and cortical activity?

Utilizing EOG (electrooculogram) electrodes provides critical information that can help differentiate between artifact and true cortical activity. EOG electrodes are specifically designed to detect the electrical potential changes associated with eye movements. Since eye movements can often introduce artifacts in EEG recordings, having EOG electrodes allows for the identification and analysis of these specific signals. When eye movements occur, the EOG will show distinct patterns that are not characteristic of cerebral activity, making it possible to distinguish these artifacts from genuine cortical signals.

In contrast, other electrode types such as auditory, EMG, or ECG are focused on different physiological signals. Auditory electrodes monitor auditory processing, EMG electrodes capture muscle activity, and ECG electrodes measure heart activity. While these may provide useful information in certain contexts, they do not specifically address the issue of distinguishing artifacts caused by eye movements, which is crucial for accurate EEG interpretation. Therefore, EOG electrodes are considered the most appropriate choice for this specific task.