Which of the following waveforms indicates a calm and alert state in adults?

The correct answer is alpha waves, which typically indicate a calm and alert state in adults. Alpha waves are brainwave patterns that oscillate at a frequency of 8 to 12 Hz and are commonly associated with relaxed, yet focused mental states. People often produce alpha waves when they are awake but relaxed, such as when they are meditating, quietly resting, or engaged in light reflection. This state is beneficial for various cognitive tasks, fostering a sense of calm and clarity in thinking.

In contrast, other waveforms listed serve different functions. Theta waves, which range from 4 to 8 Hz, are generally associated with the transition between wakefulness and sleep, as well as deep relaxation or creativity. Gamma waves, with frequencies above 30 Hz, are linked to cognitive functioning, processing information, and concentration but are not associated with calmness. Mittens do not refer to any recognized waveform in the context of brainwave activity. Thus, alpha waves distinctly represent the desired calm and alert state in adults.